The First Lunar Landing

On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11s lunar module Eagle plunged toward the moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin faced toward the surface, traveling feet first. As a camera in Aldrins window shows, Armstrong executed a maneuver, at the 50-second mark in this video, putting their backs to the surface, followed by a gradual pitch up to vertical for touchdown. Later, Armstrong is seen descending the ladder onto the surface. For the next two hours the men set up experiments, planted an American flag, and cavorted in the one-sixth gravity. They spent another 12 hours in the lander, took video through the windows, and slept fitfully. Less than 24 hours after arrival, they returned to orbit, having claimed the loftiest perch in the pantheon of air and space: First humans to walk on the moon. Video: NASA (3:00)

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In this clip from the 1967 Soviet movie A Cruise to the Stars, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin is shown training for his historic mission as engineers test various systems of the Vostok capsule. Accepting the task before him, Gagarin tells space officials that if he encounters any difficulties in space, I will overcome them as the communists do. On launch day, April 12, 1961, Chief Designer Sergei Korolev radios his best wishes as Gagarin takes off. After his 108-minute flight, Gagarin becomes an international sensation, with parades and celebrations in his honor.A Cruise to the Stars, which runs 52 minutes, was made to commemorate the first 10 years of the Soviet space program. We do not consider the conquest of space as the achievement of only our people but as that of all mankind, the narrator says. We happily place it at the disposal of all nations and peoples in the name of progress, happiness, and welfare of all men.

Excerpt: "A Cruise to the Stars" (13:54)

Preview thumbnail for video'STS-1: The First Shuttle Landing

Before John Young and Robert Crippens STS-1 mission in April 1981, no astronauts had ever landed a spaceship on a runway. In their postflight briefing, Young (the first voice in this clip) and pilot Crippen describe their first-time return of a shuttle from orbit, during which the vehicle executed a series of S-turns, or roll reversals, like a skier slaloming downhill to manage speed.

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Preview thumbnail for video'Intelsat Rescue

It was a scene straight out of Apollo 13astronauts and ground controllers working together to improvise a new plan when Plan A had failed. The task on Endeavour's first flight in May 1992 was to capture the stranded INTELSAT-VI satellite, attach a new rocket motor, and send it to a new orbit. But when early attempts to grab the satellite with a special "capture bar" failed, Pierre Thuot, Rick Hieb and Tom Akers had to go outside and steady the 9,200-pound spacecraft by handthe first and only three-man spacewalk in shuttle history.

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Preview thumbnail for video'STS-51A: Life on a Small Spaceship

In the early days of the shuttle program, NASA wasnt sure how crews of five, six, and seven people would fare in the limited space of the orbiter. Here the crew of STS-51A, who flew in November 1984, give a tour of the upper and lower decks. Onboard were Rick Hauck, Dave Walker, Joe Allen, Anna Fisher, and Dale Gardner. Allen, who had been an astronaut since 1967 but hadnt flown until 1982, was making his second flight.

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Preview thumbnail for video'To Space and BackTrailer

The new theater system in the National Air and Space Museums Einstein Planetarium is such a dramatic upgrade that only a few of the currently available films can make use of its full definition. To Space & Back, which opens in mid-August 2014, is one of them. (Video: Courtesy of Sky-Skan and the Franklin Institute)

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Preview thumbnail for video'SOFIA Opens Its Door

In this video taken from NASAs F/A-18 chase plane, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), fully opens its telescopes door on a flight near Edwards, California on December 18, 2009. The one-hour, 19-minute flight was the first time outside air had interacted with the part of the airplane that carries the 98-inch telescope. The blue tufts around the door, similar to parachute cord, help aerodynamic engineers see the flow of air around the fuselage. Doing so allows them to determine if there is any unusual turbulence around the opening. The door, designed in a wind tunnel, has proven to be effective, with no noticeable drag when it is either partially or fully open.

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Preview thumbnail for video'NASA Lifting Body Crash, 1967

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Preview thumbnail for video'Flight of the Pongsats

JP Aerospace flights rely primarily on volunteers and helium. A team will take a tray of PongSat experiments out to the desert, attach it to a helium balloon, and launch it. Once the balloon reaches the thin air of the stratosphere, it will burst, and the tray will descend to earth, with a parachute opening to gentle the landing. (Video: JP Aerospace)

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